Churchless challenge: What supernatural fact are you sure about?

Today, here at the Church of the Churchless, we've got a short and simple question for believers in some extra-physical reality: What supernatural fact are you sure about? I was tempted to say 100% sure, or absolutely sure. But I'm an admirer of science, and science isn't 100% sure about anything (every seeming fact about physical reality might be falsified one day, though the chances are miniscule for extensively verified facts). So let's just leave it at "sure." Meaning, the supernatural fact you're sure about isn't just a matter of belief, hope, faith, or tentative conclusion that it is true.…

No need for “making” in a mathematical universe. It just “is.”

I've finished Max Tegmark's fascinating "Our Mathematical Universe," a book I blogged about before here. The final chapter was a bit of a letdown. Tegmark ambled off into extraneous subjects, like how Earth might come to its demise and whether other conscious entities exist in the universe. Surprisingly, Tegmark thinks we humans probably are the most intelligent life-form in the universe. If true, and I doubt that it is, that's depressing. Geez, 14 billion years have passed since the Big Bang, and Homo sapiens are the most sapient entities the cosmos could come up with? But I still enjoyed the…

Is the cosmos, including us, made of mathematics?

For several weeks I've been reading some of Max Tegmark's "Our Mathematical Universe" each morning. It's been a mind-bending journey, one which I'm about to complete -- just 26 pages left. Tegmark argues that rather than mathematics just being able to describe the universe, mathematics actually is the universe. Along with everything else in existence, which includes four levels of the multiverse. I'm enjoying the book. To me, Tegmark makes a lot of sense. I've always wondered, Where are the laws of nature? Meaning, physicists can precisely model many of these laws via mathematical equations. But why should the universe…

An evangelical climate scientist bridges science and religion

There isn't any inherent conflict between scientific facts and religious beliefs. The natural and the supernatural can be viewed as inhabiting different realms, with different laws. Such was the view of leading scientists during the Enlightenment. There was this notion of The Book of Nature, where nature was viewed as the word of God. Learning about how the world works thus was akin to knowing the mind of God. But nowadays many religious believers put their credence in what a Holy Book says rather than what nature says. Fundamentalist Christians in the United States deny evolution and global warming despite…

Belief in free will linked to desire to punish

There are lots of reasons not to believe in free will. Also, there are plenty of reasons to believe in free will.  Which shows why it makes much more sense not to believe in free will. After all, if free will really exists, reasons wouldn't matter. People would just freely will to either believe or not believe in free will. If that sounds crazy to you, join the No Free Will club.  Reasons... cause and effect... influences... interrelationships... laws of nature. A belief in free will, genuine free will, not the fakey compatibilism variety, does away with most of our…

Who should be praised for Disneyland?

My daughter, following in her father's churchlesss footsteps, doesn't believe in God. Or other religious fantasies.  So it surprised her when my granddaughter, who is almost seven, popped up with this back-seat observation when they approached Disneyland recently. (They live in southern California.) "Praise God for Disneyland." "What do you mean?" my daughter replied. "I'm the one who is driving you to Disneyland. So praise your mother for taking you." My granddaughter thought for a while. "OK, then let's praise Walt Disney for Disneyland." That makes much more sense than praising God. But I can understand why my granddaughter said…

Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey — great 44 minute science sermon

I don't go to church any more. But last Sunday I experienced an inspiring sermon... about the cosmic wonders discovered by science.  Here's the best thing about the new series featuring Neil Degrasse Tyson, an astrophysicist: "Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey" is all about reality. Not religious fantasy.  (First uplifting episode can be viewed online.) The computer graphics are excellent. Sure, these are simulations of how the universe appears beyond Earth's immediate surroundings. But given the immensity of the cosmos, there's no other way to describe expanses of space and time far beyond everyday understanding. I was deeply moved. Particularly, by…

Consciousness is like a performance with no audience

The illusion of a separate self or soul dies hard. It's just so convincing, because this is how it feels to each of us: that someone, an "I," is looking both outward to the world and inward to our own consciousness from some privileged lofty place. Much, if not most, of religion, spirituality, and mysticism is founded on this belief. Supposedly our true self is distinct from the brain's goings-on. It survives bodily death. It stands apart from our physical nature in some sense (even though a baseball bat to the head belies this assumption). I wish it were true.…

Atheists can feel as much awe as religious believers

I'm best friends with awe. If anything awe and I are closer now, in my churchless days, than when I was a religious believer. (See here, here, and here.) Often my awe is stimulated by a simple thought: existence exists. However, sometimes this strikes me as a meaningless truism: of course, existence exists; if it didn't, it wouldn't be existence. Also, if it didn't, I wouldn't be thinking existence exists. Or anything else. Regardless of what makes awe so awesome to me or others, I heartily agreed with Michael Shermer's Skeptic column in the most recent issue of Scientific American.…

Religion isn’t true, like science, but it is appealing

This is how I like to "worship" these days: at the altar of science, with an Oregon craft beer, fries, and a hempburger at hand. Such is possible here in Salem every third Thursday, when Gilgamesh Brewing holds its Science Night at the brewpub.  I don't drink beer very often. But, man, Gilgamesh's Hopscotch (on the right) really rocks. Beer has come a long way from the not-so-good old days of Budweieser and Schlitz, which my high school friends and I would consume with regularity even though it tasted like shit. The Hopscotch I drank last night was like fine…

Subjective spiritual experiences can be studied objectively

Someone has a vision of God. Or feels one with the universe. Or has a near-death experience that gives them a glimpse of heaven. Or comes to know that Jesus loves her. What should we make of such experiences? They are undeniably subjective. Yet so is everything that we humans experience as conscious beings. I have no direct access to the consciousness of any other person, nor does anyone else have access to mine. There are two extreme answers to the question I posed. One is to make subjectivity unquestionable. If somebody says "I've seen God!" no one else has…

Ecstatic feelings can be caused by epilepsy

We are a physical brain. This is virtually certain. But even without the supernatural, mysteries abound within our cranium. 

Here's an article from New Scientist (January 25, 2014) called "Fits of Rapture." The title page said:

Why do bliss and ecstasy sometimes accompany epileptic seizures? The answer might shed light on religious awakenings, joy, and the sense of self, says Anil Ananthaswamy. 

I'll share some excerpts, along with the whole piece in a continuation to this post.

As Picard cajoled her patients to speak up about their ecstatic seizures, she found that their sensations could be characterised using three broad categories of feelings (Epilepsy & Behaviour, vol 16, p 539). The first was heightened self-awareness. For example, a 53-year-old female teacher told Picard: "During the seizure it is as if I were very, very conscious, more aware, and the sensations, everything seems bigger, overwhelming me."

The second was a sense of physical well-being. A 37-year-old man described it as "a sensation of velvet, as if I were sheltered from anything negative". The third was intense positive emotions, best articulated by a 64-year-old woman: "The immense joy that fills me is above physical sensations. It is a feeling of total presence, an absolute integration of myself, a feeling of unbelievable harmony of my whole body and myself with life, with the world, with the 'All'," she said.

…It is uncanny how these feelings of serenity, heightened awareness and a slowing of time also underpin apparent religious experiences. Have mystics over the ages been having ecstatic seizures? Picard's patients could see why some might attribute religious meaning to their seizures. "Some of my patients told me that although they are agnostic, they could understand that after such a seizure you can have faith, belief, because it has some spiritual meaning," she says.

It’s ghosts all the way down

One reason I subscribe to New Scientist magazine is the letters. They're always intelligent, often wonderfully thought-provoking.  Here's one from the January 4-10, 2014 issue called "Haunting Thought." From Rick Bradford I suspect the discomfort that most people feel at the notion that they are "just" their physical brain is due to an insufficient respect for matter (30 November, p. 30). Physicists know that matter isn't the lumpen stuff we usually take it for. The closer you look at matter the more it dissolves before your eyes. Mass, the quantification of stuff, is actually the field energy generated by the…

True “religion” — becoming one with nature, not God

For many years, about thirty-five, I believed in pursuing a supernatural sort of oneness. Even wrote a book about how a Neoplatonist Greek philosopher, Plotinus, taught it was possible to Return to the One. That One was viewed as the ultimate source of this physical world, through creative intermediaries. Yet returning to what could loosely be called "God" required transcending materiality and leaving behind sensory awarenesses. I still consider that such might be possible. Heck, anything is possible. But not everything is probable.  These days I'm much more focused on becoming one with nature. Or more accurately, realizing that I'm…

Brilliant arguments in favor of “no free will”

I've got no problem with a scientifically and logically defensible conclusion: neither I, nor anyone else, has free will.  (Of course, I had no choice but to write that sentence.) The whole existentialist and religious thing -- most early existentialists were Christians -- puts way too much undeserved pressure on us to choose the right thing to do. Maybe this made some sense when little was known about the brain, biology, genetics, systems theory, ecology, and such.  But now it is clear that reality is a web of interdependencies, interelationships, cause and effect linkages. Demonstrable evidence for a non-material free-floating…

Spirituality should be based on reality

Since I bought it, my go-to book for reading prior to my morning meditation/quiet time has been David Barash's "Buddhist Biology: Ancient Eastern Wisdom Meets Modern Western Science."  My previous posts about the book are here and here.  For me, it's a home run in the spirituality without supernaturalism ballpark. In the same genre of Stephen Bachelor's "Buddhism Without Beliefs," yet more satisfying in certain ways, being based on solid science. Albeit with a healthy dose of modern secular Buddhism viewpoints. The core of Barash's book, which I've almost finished, is that three principles underly Buddhism in all of its…

Einstein talks about “spirit.” But not in a religious sense.

Can you be spiritual without being religious? Can you be spiritual and also scientific? Of course. It depends on what is meant by spirit.  A Google search produced this definition: 1. The nonphysical part of a person that is the seat of emotions and character; the soul. 2. Those qualities regarded as forming the definitive or typical elements in the character of a person, nation, or group or in the thought and attitudes of a particular period. Obviously the first definition -- the non-physical part of a person, soul -- implies a religious sensibility. Or at least, a supernatural one. …

Buddhism without supernaturalism leaves reality

For me, giving up religious addiction isn't done "cold turkey," all at once. It's a gradual process. I discarded the most ridiculous notions early on, but afterwards I find myself letting go of faith-based beliefs bit by bit.

Buddhism and Taoism are examples of this. 

I've given away quite a few of my books in these genres that I couldn't bear to read any more. Even Zen books. Just because spirituality comes in an "Eastern" guise doesn't mean it is free of the dogmatism and supernaturalism that infects Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. 

So now I'm only able to enjoy Buddhist and Taoist writings that make scientific sense. Or at least aren't opposed to a rational, experiential understanding of everyday reality.

Which explains why I've started reading "Buddhist Biology: Ancient Eastern Wisdom meets Modern Western Science." I read a review of David Barash's book in New Scientist. 

(In case the review disappears from the New Scientist web site, I'll include it as a continuation to this post.)

Here's some excerpts from the first chapter that I resonate with.

Full disclosure: I have been a practicing biologist for more than four decades and an aspiring Buddhist (or "Buddhist sympathizer") for about as long, but I am definitely more the former than the latter. I have no religious "faith," if faith is taken to mean belief without evidence. 

Indeed, I have a powerful distrust of organized religion and a deep aversion to anything — anything — that smacks of the supernatural. Give me the natural, the real, the material, every time.

…I am a Buddhist atheist, a phrase that may seem contradictory but that has legitimacy not only in my case, but as a description of many others, of whom the former Buddhist monk and current scholar and author Stephen Bachelor is best-known.

…By contrast, it is hard to imagine a Muslim or Christian atheist, since the terms are oxymoronic: they contradict each other.

…a "Christian" who doesn't believe in the divinity of Jesus would seem not only a poor Christian but no Christian at all. Interestingly, Jewish atheists are comparatively abundant, probably because unlike Islam and Christianity, whose followers are defined as those who espouse the tenets of their religion, Jews are defined as much by their ethnicity as their religious beliefs. There are also many "Jew-Boos," people who identify both as Jewish and as Buddhist.

…High on the list of Buddhist absurdities are the phenomenon of iddhi, supernatural events that are supposed to be generated by extremely skillful and committed meditation. They appear often in Buddhist texts and I don't believe a word of them.

…The traditional Buddhist cosmology is, however, very specific, and more than a little weird, with the world composed of thirty-one levels. 

…A final example in which I (and many other Buddhist sympathizers) part company with traditional Buddhist beliefs concerns the doctrine of reincarnation…. For those of us interested in reconciling Buddhism with science in general and biology in particular, traditional reincarnation remains a pronounced and irreconcilable outlier.

…the present book will likely trouble those otherwise gentle Buddhist souls who so revere Tenzin Gyatso that they append to his name the honorific "HH," His Holiness. "The Dalai Lama" is okay with me, since that is how this particular gentleman is widely known, but even though I greatly admire him for his kindness as well as his wisdom, I cannot swallow the notion that he is any holier than thou, or me, or Charles Darwin, or anyone else. Either we are all holy (whatever that means), or no one is.

…I hold to the position that Buddhism in its most useful, user-friendly, and indeed meaningful form is not in fact a religion in the standard Western sense of the term. Rather, it is a perspective, a philosophical tradition of inquiry and wisdom, a way of looking at the world that is often perverted into a kind of "sky-god" faith complete with other nonsensical rigamarole, but, in its more genuine form, is anything but that.

Here's the New Scientist review:

Science isn’t separate from the rest of human rationality

Sam Harris has written a terrific response to this year's Edge question: "What scientific idea is ready for retirement?"  He proposes that we discard the notion that science is only something that physicists, biologists, chemists, and other obviously science'y types do. Rather... We must abandon the idea that science is distinct from the rest of human rationality. When you are adhering to the highest standards of logic and evidence, you are thinking scientifically. And when you’re not, you’re not.   I don't want to quote much more of the piece, because you really should read the whole thing. It isn't…

Brains are us: a fresh thought for a New Year

OK, this isn't exactly a New Year's resolution blog post. But I don't believe in resolutions. Those of the spiritual variety, at least. I've expressed my disbelief here, here, and here. A fresh thought, though... I'm up with that.  I enjoyed this letter in the yearend issue of New Scientist magazine. From Iain PetrieNeurophilosopher Patricia Churchland argues that it can be difficult to accept that "you're just your brain" (30 November, p. 30). So it would seem.  When she says, "I've made my peace with my brain," it rather suggests that she regards herself as an entity distinct from her…