Posted inArtificial intelligence Consciousness

AI is acting more like an organism and less like a machine. So what’s special about us humans?

I'm fascinated by AI. It seems increasingly clear that the distinction between artificial intelligence and natural intelligence is becoming increasingly blurry. As the two kinds of intelligence become more similar, the supposedly unique human mind is going to appear much less special. In their book,  The Blind Spot: Why Science Cannot Ignore Human Experience, Adam Frank, Marcelo Gleiser, and Evan Thompson speak about the difference between an organism and a machine. In general terms, a machine is a device consisting of an assembly of components that operate in a coordinated way, according to a prescribed sequence so as to produce…
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Posted inConsciousness Reality

We are all aliens to each other, since we view the world from different perspectives

In particle physicist Daniel Whiteson’s book, Do Aliens Speak Physics?, he speaks about how if alien beings came to Earth and we tried to communicate with them, almost certainly this would be very difficult, given how differently they likely would perceive reality. And without common perceptions, understanding is hard to come by. Assuming, as we progress along our Drake equation, that visiting aliens are mathematical, scientific, and communicative, the next hurdle to a full scientific mind meld is whether we are looking at the same Universe. If aliens have different senses, they will perceive different bits of the Universe --…
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Posted inConsciousness Radha Soami Satsang Beas

Closing the distance between living and meditating to a sliver

For many years, several decades, I considered that closed-eyes meditation was the most important spiritual practice. That was a central teaching of Radha Soami Satsang Beas (RSSB), a religious organization headquartered in India led by a guru considered to be God in Human Form. While the guru was very much here in the world, RSSB believed that the real form of the guru was manifested only in higher supernatural realms of reality, which also were the true home of the guru's disciples -- which included me until I deconverted from RSSB in 2005. So ordinary living, while naturally important, was…
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Posted inConsciousness Universe

Consciousness creates reality. This makes it tough to know what creates consciousness.

Writing the title of this blog post just reminded me of an unexpected "A" I got on a high school English exam. The teacher asked me to explain what "vicious circle" meant. I must have been in a recalcitrant frame of mind, because even though I enjoyed writing essays of that sort, I simply drew a circle on my exam paper with a mean looking expression.  Somehow my paper came back with an "A" on it. Guess the teacher valued creativity over correctness in my case. Vicious circles abound in life. Here's how one definition explains it. A sequence of…
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Posted inConsciousness Mindfulness Spiritual practice/meditation

My thoughts often seem like inner speech. But many people think in a different fashion.

In my "Our inner voice is linked to our various selves" blog post (August 2022), I described the decidedly strange experience I had after imbibing an excess of marijuana. Most of us have an inner voice speaking to us inside our mind. It can either be voluntary, as when I read "Most of us have an inner voice" and can hear those words silently echo within my brain. It can also be involuntary, as when I do something wrong and hear "You're an idiot" admonishing me without my consciously willing those words. This inner voice generally is taken for granted.…
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Posted inArtificial intelligence Consciousness

AI models threaten the view of human consciousness as something special

Often when  science presents us with a markedly improved understanding of reality, the place we humans occupy in the universe diminishes in importance. This happened when the Copernican Revolution displaced Earth as the center of the known universe in favor of the Sun. It happened when Darwin demonstrated that our species didn't appear fully formed at the behest of God but evolved over an immense span of time, as did all life on our planet. And recently I've argued that "We need a philosophical and spiritual Copernican Revolution." Which is why I believe we need a philosophical and spiritual Copernican…
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Posted inConsciousness Reality

Imagining the impossible is a cool feature of human minds, but it creates philosophical enigmas

I'm enjoying Michael Pollan's new book, A World Appears: A Journey Into Consciousness. My first post about it came after I'd finished the Introduction, also called The Wager. Now I've read the first chapter, Sentience. After that comes Feeling, Thought, Self, and The Cave. While I don't expect Pollan to clear up the mysteries surrounding consciousness in his book, going along with him on his journey will be enjoyable. He's got a knack for making complex ideas understandable, and for describing fresh takes on old problems. That's what I'm going to focus on in this post, a fresh take on…
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Posted inConsciousness Reality

All knowledge is a product of human consciousness, not reality itself

Having just written quite a few blog posts about In Search of Now: The Science of the Present Moment by Jo Marchant, a fascinating book that delves into how physics, neuroscience, and philosophy look upon our sense of time, and indeed reality itself, I'm equally enthused about diving into consciousness -- the subject of Michael Pollan's new book, A World Appears: A Journey Into Consciousness. I enjoy books by skilled science writers who take a broader look at some subject than a specialist in that field would. For one thing, science writers usually are more adept at making a subject…
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Posted inConsciousness Delusions

Mind isn’t separate from body, but we sure feel like it is

After being a dualist for about 35 years, when I was a member of an Eastern religion that believed we humans have a mind and soul that are separable from the body, I'm now a contented monist -- as it seems virtually certain that physical matter/energy is all that exists, the mind is just the brain in action, and soul doesn't exist. But I readily admit that this isn't the way how mind and body relate feels to me. Or to other people. For it seems that right now my bodily fingers are typing away on a keyboard, with the…
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Posted inConsciousness Science

Consciousness: the hardest problem in science

Consciousness fascinates me. As it does to everyone, because fascination and everything else we experience, without exception, requires consciousness. Without consciousness, nothing exists for us. So when the February 2026 issue of Scientific American arrived in the mail, and I saw that the cover story was "The Hardest Problem in Science: Will brain science deliver answers about consciousness or hit another wall?," I got excited. Soon I began to read that article, even though I had other science magazines in my reading pile. Here's a PDF document of the article, which is in two pieces. What is consciousness? Science faces…
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Posted inConsciousness Neuroscience

If A.I. is thinking, this argues for the materialistic nature of human consciousness

In my last post, "Landscape of Consciousness is an amazing web site that maps 350 theories of consciousness," I said that I strongly believe that materialistic theories where the brain is viewed as the source of consciousness make the most sense and are the most likely to be true. A couple of letters in New Scientist about the above-linked article provide some reasons for materialism. From Andy McGee,  Adelaide, South Australia Further to your exploration of the wide variety of ideas about consciousness, biological consciousness is the only one we know exists. It is most likely to have come from…
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Posted inConsciousness

Landscape of Consciousness is an amazing web site that maps 350 theories of consciousness

If, like me, you're fascinated by the phenomenon of consciousness, have your own favorite notion about what consciousness is and isn't, yet are open to exploring other theories of consciousness, you're going to find the Landscape of Consciousness web site a treasure trove of information and insights. I learned about it from an article by Robert Lawrence Kuhn in the October 25, 2025 issue of New Scientist, "Landscape of consciousness." The online article is titled  "What 350 different theories of consciousness reveal about reality." Here's a PDF file of the article. What 350 different theories of consciousness reveal about reality…
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Posted inConsciousness Neuroscience

The brain produces consciousness, no matter what Rupert Sheldrake says

This has happened to me before, and it just happened with Chris Neibauer's book, No Self, No Problem: How Neuropsychology is Catching Up to Buddhism. I'm enjoying a book. It makes sense to me. The author seems dedicated to facts and reason. Then a passage, or even an entire chapter, appears that is at odds with the rest of the book. Now, I can understand why this happens. As Niebauer argues in his book, each of us isn't a unitary self, but a conglomerate of selves that frequently contradict each other. That's how we can say, "I can't believe I…
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Posted inConsciousness Neuroscience

As an idea, the immaterial soul is dead

As I noted in my previous post about how belief in a human "essence" is almost certainly wrong, Julian Baggini goes on a search for such an entity in his book The Ego Trick: What Does It Mean To Be You? Everywhere he looks, using a blend of neuroscience and philosophy, the search comes up empty. He persuasively argues that an unchanging essence can't be found in the body and it can't be found in the mind -- since both body and mind are changeable with no sign of an essence. Then Baggini expands the search to include the religious…
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Posted inBuddhism Consciousness Taoism/Tai Chi

What is changeless? Important question that I’m not sure about.

I stay in touch with a few people from my high school years, including an old friend that I went to elementary school with. He's as philosophically and spiritually minded as I am, so I enjoy our periodic email exchanges. In our most recent sharing of views, my friend included a quote from a previous message I'd sent him. I was referring to Robert Wright, the author of Why Buddhism is True, a book I've written about on this blog. Wright says that the main illusions Buddhism can help us dissolve are a belief in an enduring unchanging self, and…
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Posted inConsciousness Mindfulness Neuroscience

Often I seem to be conscious, but not aware

I go back and forth, trying to decide whether being conscious and being aware are the same thing, or different things. Sometimes I equate the two. But I recall someone (Ron E.?) expressing a different opinion in a comment on one of my posts.  At the time I discounted that idea. But after what happened to me in my Tai Chi class yesterday -- which wasn't all that different from what has happened to me many times before -- I'm more inclined to believe that being conscious and being aware are indeed distinct mental processes. We were doing a form…
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Posted inAtheism Consciousness Neuroscience

More reasons why I’m liking the modular mind theory

As I continue reading Robert Kurzban's book Why Everyone (Else) is a Hypocrite: Evolution and the Modular Mind, I keep coming across ideas that make me pleased I forked out $16.97 to Amazon. The book is well worth the money. Here's some additional points from Kurzban that appealed to me. Press Secretary versus President. Most of us like to think that basically we're in charge of our thoughts and actions. Maybe our emotions also, though they seem more out of our control. In other words, we're the President of the entity we call "myself." Kurzban has a different view. He…
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Posted inConsciousness Neuroscience

The conscious “you” isn’t your self any more than unconscious parts are

The good news keeps on coming from my reading of Robert Kurzban's book Why Everyone (Else) is a Hypocrite: Evolution and the Modular Mind.  In my previous post I talked about how Kurzban persuasively argues that the modular view of mind shows that there isn't a singular "I" inside our cranium, just a multitude of "We's." This makes our human nature hugely more interesting than if each of us were a single entity.  As the poet Walt Whitman said: Do I contradict myself?Very well then I contradict myself,(I am large, I contain multitudes.) Most of us try so hard to…
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Posted inConsciousness Neuroscience

Human cognition is amazingly slow, about 10 bits per second

I came across a fascinating article in the March 2025 issue of Scientific American, "Brains produce thoughts surprisingly slowly." (Online title: "The Human Brain Operates at a Stunningly Slow Pace.") You can read the article via this PDF file.Download The Human Brain Operates at a Stunningly Slow Pace | Scientific American Often you hear that the human brain is the most complex entity in the known universe with its 80 billion or so neurons tied together with trillions of interconnections. That may be, but this impressive product of evolution works much slower than the smart phones most of us carry…
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Posted inConsciousness Neuroscience

No, neuroscience doesn’t support religiosity

A trend is evident. With every fresh blog post I set out to write about Ross Douthat's book, Believe: Why Everyone Should Be Religious, I have an urge to start off the title with "No." Obviously that's because I don't believe everyone should be religious, and Douthat's arguments in favor of that aren't very convincing. Still, I enjoy being exposed to ideas that I disagree with. Not as a steady diet, but as tasty morsels occasionally. Douthat does about as well as could be expected with his ambitious goal: not to found religiosity on faith, but to a large extent upon…
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